Christinaity In Middle Ages Essay -- European History

Christianity in the Middle Ages Christianity played a major role throughout the Middle Ages in society and politics. The Middle Ages, classified from 600 AD to 1350 AD, was significantly effected by Christianity because of the impact it had on the daily lives of people of the time. The beginning of the Early Middle Ages, after the Fall of Rome in 476 AD and the period known as the Dark Ages, the reorganization of the empire brought a desire for faith and religion, primarily Christianity. This trend of Christian importance was apparent until 1350, when the Black Death caused the end of a systematized era. The church is often viewed, during this period of time, as a center of corruption, greed, and evil, with materialistic popes and unholy acts. Even though there were immoral times, the presence of Christianity brought hope and stability to the empire politically and socially. In the Late Age of Antiquity, Christianity had started its rapid spread becoming the state religion in the fourth century, and emerging as a & quot;cultural trend" (212). It became further defined, and was the bases of the Western World's proceedings. Christianity's popularity influenced the church by people's newfound ability to concentrate on faith and a better life. With this foundation, the Middle Ages expanded religious importance by employing it in day to day life. Christianity was consistently present in the social arena of the Middle Ages. There were many controversies over Christian beliefs. The engrossment in Christianity in the eighth century had a non peaceful turn because of the Iconoclastic Controversy. It divided the Western and the Byzantine Empires additionally with the dispute over the use of icons in religious worship. This quarrel resulted in religious vigor through exploration of religious traditions and mysticism. The division between the empire was a constantly present with the arousal of disputes . The view of the Christian Church by the people varied from agreeable to immoral. In the Early Mid dle Ages, the church was disorganized and non-established. Although the progression of the Middle Ages led to the furtherance of the Church, there were many set backs in the reputation of the papacy. The weakness of the papacy was a result of ineffective and corrupt churches. The tenth century was a period of religious decline with privately owned monasteries and chur... ...ecline of papal power. The First Crusade was a successful venture for the papacy as it was considered an "armed pilgrimage" (325). To gain the support of the Christian community, Urban II promised an afterlife without purgatory and a direct ascent to heaven for Crusade participation. This "plenary indulgence" (325) made the First Crusade a favorable undertaking. On the other hand, the papal monarchy suffered from the additional Crusades that forced people to question the unity of the Christian Church. Christianity was an effective theme in the Middle Ages because it implemented most people and events of the time period. Socially, Christianity effected people's daily lives because faith offered another consideration for how life progressed. The introduction of new intellect and innovative advancements were growing with religious influenced. Politically, the emperor's were aided and impaired. The support of the papacy was useful in the coronation of emperors and the influence over the common people. On the counter-side, the papal monarchy offered competition for power. Christianity was always present in the Middle Ages, and it changed concepts and faith for all.

Women’s Health & Preventative Care

Women’s Health Care and Preventative Care In the United States, the cost of health care is on the rise and it is almost impossible to receive any health care service at an affordable rate. Whether insured or uninsured, women of all demographics are faced with this problem. Women should not put their health or life at risk because they fear receiving another medical bill. Due to the rising cost of health care and insurance, more women do not receive preventative medical treatment and are currently in debt.Often, women do not receive or delay receiving preventative health care due to the cost of treatment. â€Å"Learning about and practicing preventive healthcare, i. e. maintaining your body and good health throughout your entire lifetime, is properly the best method to prevent disease from happening in the first place† (World Research Foundation, n. d. ). Women require more preventative health care than men and some of these preventative services are not always fully cov ered by insurance such as mammograms or prenatal care.Prenatal care is not only important for the woman’s health, but also for the child’s health. Preventative health care can detect as well as prevent diseases. Early detection is sometimes the key to curing certain diseases. More women currently are in debt or have unpaid medical bills. The rising cost of health care combined with the current job market has left more women in debt (Robertson & Collins, 2011). Health insurance providers do not always provide the coverage women need.In fact recent studies have shown â€Å"few plans offer maternity coverage and young women can face substantially higher premiums than men of the same age† (Robertson & Collins, 2011). Although,† The Affordable Care Act is bringing change for women through required free coverage of preventive care services, small business tax credits, new affordable coverage options, and insurance market reforms, including bans on gender ratingà ¢â‚¬  the law will not be implemented until 2014 (Robertson & Collins, 2011).Something needs to be done before then in order to cut down on debt from unpaid medical bills. The federal as well as the state government should implement more programs that offer preventative care at income based rates. There should also be more programs directed at lowering medical bill debt. A debt acquired by a medical bill should not affect a person’s credit. More insurance companies should provide age and gender specific plans at affordable rates, in order to ensure everyone receives the proper healthcare needed.Although, some of these solutions may have to be funded with higher taxes or budget cuts, these programs would definitely have a large impact on the amount of women who receive preventative care. Preventative care is a necessity in ensuring healthy living for women. Receiving preventative care is a cost effective way to save lives by treating and diagnosing diseases and conditions ear ly. Insured and uninsured women should be able to receive preventative care without worrying about how and if they will pay the medical bill.Although women’s health care cost is a rising issue in the U. S, there are cost effective solutions to alleviate this problem. References Robertson, R. , & Collins, S. R. (2011) Realizing Health Reforms Potential. Retrieved fromhttp://www. commonwealthfund. org/~/media/Files/Publications/Issue%20Brief/2011/May /1502_Robertson_women_at_risk_reform_brief_v3. pdf World Research Foundation. (n. d. ) Preventive Health Care Helps Everyone. Sedona, AZ: WorldResearch Foundation. Retrieved July 15, 2012 from http://www. wrf. org/preventive-healthcare/preventive-healthcare. php

Animal Testing Outline - 1616 Words

Weldon 1 Animal Testing Introduction Thesis Statement: Animal testing is wrong because it is inhumane, costly, and unpredictable. I. Animal testing is inhumane A. Torture B. Type of testing C. Effect on the animal II. Animal testing is costly A. The cost of testing B. The cost of research C. What else we could be spending money on III. Animal testing is wasteful and unpredictable A. Mass Murdering of animals B. Endangered species C. If it works on animals it may not work on humans Conclusion Weldon 1 Hunter Weldon Mrs. Smith 1st Period 1/6/14 Animal Testing Animal testing has been a controversial topic for many generations throughout the world. People against animal testing say that animal testing is cruel and inhumane and†¦show more content†¦Animals are also tested with â€Å"Repeated force feeding tactics† (11 Facts about†¦.). Repeated force feeding involves forcing animals to eat certain substances over and over just for observation. What is the point in this? Another experiment performed on animals is killing pregnant animals and examining and experimenting on the fetuses. Killing a mother and killing a baby that hasn’t even been born yet is wrong and it should be stopped. Killing an animal for no reason is cruel. That’s a life you are taking away. Just imagine if it was you. Animals should only be killed for food, not to be used for testing. Animals can be burned, crippled, poisoned, and abused as a result of testing. And the list could go on forever. The way animals are being mist reated and tested on should be against the law. There is a different ways to do research other than killing and abusing animals. There are many alternate test that scientist can use to do there research without harming animals. Alternative test are defined as test that use the three â€Å"R’s†, a test that replaces a procedure that uses animals with one that doesn’t, a test that reduces the number of animals used in a procedure, and test that refine a procedure to cause less pain to the animal.(11 Facts about†¦) Animal testing causes millions and millions of dollars to go down the drain each year. It’s a shame to see American Tax payer’s money go to no use. The National Institute of Health holds back 14 to 16 billionShow MoreRelated Animal Testing (speech Outline) Essay989 Words   |  4 Pages Specific Purpose – To persuade my audience that animal testing is wrong and how other safer alternatives should be taken. Central Idea – By going the extra mile in using safer alternatives when experimenting with animals will not only prevent conflicts from pro-life activists, it will minimize lawsuits and morals will be preserved. Introduction I.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Okay I got a riddle I made up for the class. A.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What was once cute and furry but becomes aRead MoreAnimal Testing. Persuasive Speech Outline Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesZoee Gaige-Wilson Persuasive Speech Outline I. Introduction Animals can be ferocious and wild, but they can also be gentle and tame. Some are our pets, and some are powerful forces that are to be respected and admired. It is as easy to appreciate a loyal dog as it is to be in awe of a lion in its natural habitat. But the truth that many people either don’t know or don’t appreciate is that animals are essential to human existence and have played a vital role in improving the quality of ourRead MoreAnimal Testing (Speech Outline)1200 Words   |  5 PagesbSpecific Purpose/b Ââ€" To persuade my audience that animal testing is wrong and how other safer alternatives should be taken. br brbCentral Idea/b Ââ€" By going the extra mile in using safer alternatives when experimenting with animals will not only prevent conflicts from pro-life activists, it will minimize lawsuits and morals will be preserved. br brbIntroduction/b brI. Okay I got a riddle I made up for the class. brA. What was once cute and furry but becomes a bloody rotte dRead MoreAnimal Testing Speech Outline965 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing Introduction Attention-getter: Visualize yourself somewhere locked and isolated, whether it is a closet, a cage, or a box. Now visualize yourself being constantly controlled, not being able to choose when to eat, when to drink, or even when to sleep. Thesis: Animal testing is a heavy topic that usually goes unnoticed. To many scientists, animal testing is beneficial and to society it is morally wrong. Credibility: After doing our extensive research, we are knowledgeable about animalRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1278 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal testing or animal experimentation is the use of non-human species such as animals, in experiments to test the affect of controlled variables on the subjects behaviour or physical appearance. The use of animal testing in science is a controversial issue that has divided the public for many centuries; between immense passion and emotion from those opposing the practice, and those that preach its integral part in the advancement of science. The divide in the topic is between the scientific communityRead MoreAnimal Rights And The Ethical Treatment Of Animals1237 Words   |  5 PagesErasistratus of Alexandria to Galen, who is known as the creator of experimental physiology, animals have been test subjects in experiments for more than two thousand years (Day 35). Every year in the world as many as twenty-two million animals are u sed for scientific or medical purposes (Day 10). A variety of animals are experimented on, including rats, mice, rabbits, dogs, cats, and primates (Day 10). Those against animal research believe the tests are pointless (Day 10). They presume if the experimentsRead MoreRachel Pollock. March 1, 2017. Essay #2. Writ 122: Jennifer1078 Words   |  5 PagesFoster Animal Testing Is Inhumane and Ineffective The harmful use of animals in experiments is not only cruel and inhumane but also often ineffective. Animals do not get many of the human diseases that people do, such as major types of heart disease, many types of cancer, HIV, Parkinson’s disease, or schizophrenia. There have been past occasions where drugs passed on animals weren’t even safe. There is no excuse for animal testing in today’s techy world, there are now many alternatives for animal testingRead MoreEssay about We Must Search for Alternatives to Animal Testing1223 Words   |  5 PagesSalk was the one who discovered a cure for this disease thanks to animal research but is animal research always beneficial? â€Å"Treat others as you would want to be treated,† is what the Golden Rule has taught us for many years. Should we not treat animals the same way we want to be treated in return? The topic of animals being used in medical research has been controversial for many years. One side of the a rgument says that using animals is the only way to safely test a product before it reaches the publicRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Animal Testing And Research1775 Words   |  8 PagesEthical Dilemma of Animal Testing and Research Israel Parra Perez English 101 – Section 10451 Professor Leonard Macias 7 May 2017 â€Æ' Outline Thesis: Animal testing and research should cease because animals are subjected to cruel inhumane procedures by researchers, viable alternatives exist for animals testing, and results obtained through animal testing are mostly flawed and unreliable. I. Introduction and Thesis II. Animal Testing and Research Practices Leaves Animals Vulnerable to MistreatmentRead MoreThe Animal Of Animal Welfare Act1851 Words   |  8 Pages Animal Welfare Act Casandra Sasaki Eagle High School Abstract The Animal Welfare Act, passed in 1966, establishes guidelines for the protection of animals used for research and other purposes, defines the requirements for facilities housing those animals, and outlines the procedures for inspection and maintenance of those facilities by government entities. This paper explores the pros and cons of the act as well as the effectiveness of the guidelines and their enforcement. Finally

Literature Review Of Humour Literature Review Of Humor...

Literature review of humour This section aims at providing the theoretical background of humour including how it is conceptualised, the mechanism of how humour works. In this section, I also discuss other important aspects of humour such as its functions in general and in educational settings, as well as various categories and types of humour used in the classrooms. The section ends with a brief review of the relationship between identity construction and various forms of humour. 5.1. Defining humour Given its omnipresence in social lives, the body of studying humour did not draw researchers’ attention until fairly recent. Tracing back to its Latin origin, ‘humour’ was closely associated with one of the four crucial fluids of a healthy†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, it is rather ambiguous since it is unclear what is perceived as ‘funny’ and ‘amusing’ as there is no indicator of such phenomena (such as laughter, giggle, etc.). In the area of language learning, the concept of humour gets even more complex since it involves other languages rather than one’s mother tongue. This dimension of humour brings about the addition of culture elements into the definition of humour such as the one from Tuncay (2007): Humour means understanding not only the language and words but their use, meaning, subtle nuances, the underlying culture, implications and unwritten messages. The idea of considering humour within the sociocultural context, and as a cultural-bound phenomenon leads to the reconsideration of other areas that most authors of humour in mono-lingual and -cultural context might have overlooked (Bell, 2009). It is also the cultural and contextual elements of humour that determine someone or something to be humorous. Indeed, once the context varies, something humorous in a particular context can become incomprehensive, inappropriate and even offensive. Due to these features, there is no single definition of humour that can be widely applicable to a wide range of research and setting. However there is another branch of humour study that concerns humour not in terms of its definition but the mechanism to that it occurs and the processes that make something humorous. 5.2. TheoriesShow MoreRelatedStudy of the Influence of Teacher Effectiveness19283 Words   |  78 Pagesin the teaching profession who are well adjusted are somewhat extroverted, but many other personality types do excellent work and that there are certainly, large number of misfits. The researcher, through a wide range of consultation in various literatures, has firmly established the existence of effectiveness in teaching, but the contentious issue bothering this study lies on the various ways of measuring teacher effectiveness and the extent it relates to students’ academic achievement. In otherRead MoreAssignment 1 – Understanding Development and Supporting Equality, Diversity and Inclusion9386 Words   |  38 Pagesdraws with more skill. âÅ"“ Displays a casual attitude toward clothing and appearance. âÅ"“ Seems to be all hands and arms. âÅ"“ Seems to possess boundless energy. âÅ"“ Wants to excel in sports and recreational skills. âÅ"“ Laughs at dark humor. âÅ"“ Is energetic and spirited. âÅ"“ Strives to be physically fit. âÅ"“ Is fascinated with how the body works. âÅ"“ May be curious about drugs, alcohol, and tobacco. Physical changes (Puberty) between ages eleven to forteen For girlsRead MoreSo, How Do People Really Use Their Handheld Devices? an Interactive Study of Wireless Technology Use13130 Words   |  53 Pagestechnologies in the workplace. Despite this dearth of behavioral wireless research, several other streams of research—on technology adoption and use and social inï ¬â€šuences—will help to inform study results. With this in mind, the current paper will review past literature on symbolic interactionism, and related social theory. From these, a framework of relevant themes will be developed which will increase our understanding of how the introduction of pervasive forms of technology (such as these wireless technology

Ict in the Film Industry - 3227 Words

ICT AND FILM INDUSTRY Digital technology in the past decade has totally changed the movie industry. Focusing on the crucial procedures of movie making and the impact that technology had on each of the areas, this research would look at recent reforms in the pre-production part of film making, furthermore we will try to know the new instruments, equipment and storage facilities being used by modern film makers and producers. Film distribution and the adverse impacts that technology has had on the movie industry, majorly on the illegitimate sale and piracy of copyrighted material is scrutinized. Post-theatre film distribution and the revolutionary breakthrough technologies in the industry are explored to look at the continuous changes in†¦show more content†¦The same technology also has the capability to rearrange the video and audio on the DVD/CD so that only a DVD with the same decryption algorithm can play the film perfectly. The CSS technology is also designed to prevent users from direct copy ing of data from DVDs. Though, not long after the CSS technology was introduced, Norwegian teenagers reverse engineered a DVD technology by breaking the code that contain the decryption algorithm and uploaded decryption software for users around the world to use. These means that the movie industry would need to keep updating and also find and option to this difficulties (markman). The post-theatre market accounts roughly for three quarters of movie’s income during its lifetime. The principal of these are video rental shops which accounts for nearly half of all profits (). The DVD has completely brought a new dimension to the industry, becoming the fastest growing customer electronics item of all time (culkin Randle 2003). DVD’s have undeniably increased film studio’s income when it decided to provide movie content to the home consumers with unbelievable picture and sound quality which does not worn out like the old VHS cassettes (markman). A new and rapidly developing area in the distributionShow MoreRelatedEssay Music and Entertainment Industry: Digital TV and MP3s702 Words   |  3 Pages In the world nowadays, ICT has been responsible for assisting in the development of entertainment. One of the things that are mainly used in music entertainment now is the MP3 files which contain music. This technology is often used to play music with digital music players such as MP3 players and iPods. This now revolutionised the entertainment as it now allows people to listen to music without the need for a physical product for the players to play music off of such as using cds it is now quickerRead MoreE Business Technologies By O. Jones And F. Tilley Essay1151 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation and communication technologies (ICTs) as when managed correctly, they have the potential to contribute to the business allowing the SME to gain a competitive advantage. Windrum and Derringer believe that ICTs have proven to be successful in increasing a firm’s competitiveness either by increasing the efficiency of internal operations and communication or by making it simpler to devel op new or improved products and services. An example of when ICTs can be useful are in questionnaires or throughRead MoreAnalyzing Radio Station Industry in Nz1300 Words   |  6 Pagesanalyzing Porter’s five forces of radio station industry in New Zealand, we could get the conclusion that four of those five forces have negative influences on the industry, namely the intensity of rivalry, the threat of substitutes, the bargaining power of buyers, and the bargaining power of suppliers. Only the threat of new entrants has positive influence. Fortunately, ICTs are broadly used in converting the negatives to positives among the radio station industry. And it actually does very well. The belowRead MoreEastman Kodak Case Study1495 Words   |  6 Pagescentered on the developments or innovations in technology, and focuses more on information and communication technology. The study looks at cloud computing, which is defined as, â€Å"†¦a modality, that uses advances in ICTs such as virtualization and grid computing for delivering a range of ICT services through software, and virtual hardware (as opposed to physical) provisioned (by data centres owned and operated by cloud providers and/or end users) according to user demands and requirements and deliveredRead MoreImpact of Internet on Modern Youth1616 Words   |  7 Pagesmedia culture is a pedagogic force that has the potential to exceed the achievements of institutionalized forms of education. As Henry Giroux puts it:â€Å"With the rise of new media technologies and the global reach of the highly concentrated culture industries, the scope and impact of the educational force of culture in shaping and refiguring all aspects of  daily life appear unprecedented. Yet the current debates have generally ignored the powerful pedagogical influence of popular culture ,along withRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Apple Inc.1226 Words   |  5 PagesJobs and Steve Wozniak on April 1, 1976 (Johnson, 2012). Originally, the duo sought to develop a simple micro-computer board that could be offered to small and businesses. However, since its conception, Apple exhibited unprecedented growth in the ICT industry with its initial products, including Apple I, Apple II and Macintosh becoming the first commercially successful personal computers that assisted Apple to develop into a profitable, well-regulated firm that has come to be today. Today, the companyRead MoreRecurrent Incidence Of Babesiosis Among Adults Essay2009 Words   |  9 Pagesserological detection for the infection provides potent tools for perfect diagnosis as well as for epidemiological analyses (8). A novel rapid serodiagnostic tools for bovine babesosis based on Immunochromatographic test (ICT) in which respective recombinant antigen labeled in ICT dipstick strips to detect Babesia antibodies in serum and Latex agglutination test in which Dye-labeled antibody, specific for target an tigen on Latex beads cards to detect Babesia antigens in blood sample can be developedRead More Information and communications technology (ICT) Essay3161 Words   |  13 PagesInformation and communications technology (ICT)? To illustrate the importance of Information and Communications technology (ICT) for the smooth running of a multi-site business. Information and communications technology is a system used to control, manage, process and create information through telecommunications technology and computers. (Otherwise known as ICT). Although information and communications technology describes a large range of systems there are still some underlining common featuresRead MoreThe Impact of Information Communication Technology on Malaysia Communication Culture in the Era of Globalization7293 Words   |  30 PagesCommunication Technology (ICT) revolution in the late 1990s. The plethora of technology proliferation happens in a structured progression, one after another. Technological improvements began to tangibly influence our way of life. Today, even primary schools are equipped with ICT teaching tools (i.e. laptops LCDs). Nevertheless, ICT plays as a key enabler of globalization that changes Malaysian public life in a big way. In fact, after the September 11, 2001 tragedy, ICT in this country has becomeRead MoreIct and Ebusines s Retail Industry88499 Words   |  354 PagesICT and e-Business Impact in the Retail Industry Study report No. 04/2008 European Commission, DG Enterprise Industry e-Mail: entr-innov-ict-ebiz@ec.europa.eu, info@ebusiness-watch.org Impact Study No. 04/2008 ICT and e-Business Impact in the Retail Industry A Sectoral e-Business Watch study by empirica GmbH Final Report Version 4.0 September 2008 This report was prepared by empirica on behalf of the European Commission, Enterprise Industry Directorate General, in the context

Condom Advertising free essay sample

Product Information: Condom has been a vital contraceptive and STD prevention tool for thousands of years. Several types of male and female condoms are available. Some condoms are made of plastic or animal tissue i. e. lambskin, latex. Condoms are the most effective against viruses such as HIV but Condom use declined markedly during the 1960s as the birth control pills was introduced and contraceptive devices such IUDs became more widely accepted. After the introduction of birth control pills people started avoiding condoms because according to them sex with condoms doesn’t give that much pleasure, But the emergence of HIV/AIDS in the early 1980s , condom use re-emerged and has became increasingly recognized as a critical means of preventing infection with HIV and other STDs that can facilitate HIV infection. Yet many of those at high risk of contracting HIV are not using condoms consistently. For example, recent studies have found that 40 % of sexually active high school students or adult world wide did not use a condom during their most ecent sexual encounter and 87 percent do not believe they are at risk of acquiring HIV. Controversy over Condoms Advertising: Condoms promotion campaigns especially those using a mass media and targeting sexually active youth are controversial. Public usually don’t want to see condoms commercial. Especially in Islamic society, a large number of people are against contraceptive advertising. Do people really feel embarrassed watching such ads in front of their family? Fear of public controversy makes official support difficult and often weakens the potential impact of mass media interventions by diluting the content of the message. Entertaining condoms commercials do always face public’s controversy. Networks don’t care whether commercials contained message or not, they want decent condoms commercials. They want condoms marketer to hide other benefits of condom except prevention of STDs and HIV/AIDs. But do decent condoms commercial can make an impact on consumers mind? Does use of humor and sexual appeal in condoms commercial lead the youngsters towards sex? Networks have been slow to respond to the increasing public acceptance of condom advertising for fear of arousing the opposition of conservative groups. Networks believe that viewers think that condoms encourage promiscuity or may be uncomfortable with the idea of condom advertising within the privacy of homes. Most of the networks want very decent commercials of condoms or otherwise they do reject commercial; Recently FOX and CBS both rejected the Trojan pigs commercial. Both had accepted Trojan’s previous campaign, which urge condom use because of the possibility that a partner might be H. I. V positive, perhaps unknowingly. In a written response to Trojan, though, FOX said that it had rejected the spot because â€Å"Contraceptive advertising must stress health-related uses rather than the prevention of pregnancy. Due to limited budget and other restrictions, condom marketers and advertisers are facing many problems, because of these restrictions condoms advertiser tend to direct their message to niches audiences through targeted magazines and cable stations (i-e MTV, Channel V, SHE magazine ) rather than the major broadcast networks. The restrictions placed on condom advertising by networks and local stations combined with the modest dvertising budgets of condoms marketers has kept condom advertising at low to imperceptible levels. Advertising of condoms remains more restricted than advertising of many other products including contraceptives. And whether it is due to those restrictions or for other financial reasons, the advertising budgets of condom companies have been so low that condom ads have bee n relatively rare even on those networks and affiliates willing to accept such ads. We have seen many beer commercials; Viagra and oral contraceptive appear on TV (different networks of world) regularly, condom advertising remains limited and highly controversial. Condom advertising is prohibited by National Association of broadcasters’ (NAB) code of Conducts and many religious parties do not permit networks to air its commercials. The first network in the world was KNTV, San Jose, which despite codes decided to carry a spot for Trojan in 1975. Some of the networks and stations that accept condom commercials impose certain limits on them, such as restricting the time of the day they can be run, or requiring their messages to be focused on diseases prevention rather than birth control. Condom marketers express frustration with the time limits networks impose. Condoms marketer could not place their condom ad during primetime even though other consumer product are able to run a network commercial that stimulate sex. Some networks draw a strong line between messages about disease prevention – which may be allowed – and those about pregnancy prevention, which may be considered controversial for religious and moral reasons. Policies for Condoms Advertising: The sensitive and personal nature of this product category warrants that particular care be exercised by the advertiser in the development of commercials. Such commercials will be accepted only if they meet the following conditions: Commercials must: †¢deal solely with the issue of disease prevention †¢make education of the public of primary importance †¢display and promotion of the product must be done in a responsible and sensible manner Commercials must not: †¢make mention of contraception †¢promote casual sex and promiscuity Public Opposition: Usually in forming policies for condom advertising, networks executives rely heavily on audience feedback. The less they hear from viewers on issues around condoms advertising, the better they assume such advertising is received. Silence is golden in this case! The less response, the better it is. Industry executives agree that the landscape for condom ads has improved markedly in the last several years but note that there are still significant obstacles to overcome for greater consistency in policy and broader acceptance. Advertisers vow to continue trying to reach a broad market through network television and say they will grow their budgets when they can more easily place their ads. Most networks say they will continue to evaluate viewer reception to ads from this small but increasingly less controversial advertiser. Most of the people believe that condom ads motivate young’s to do sex because it eliminates the fear of HIV/AIDS, STDs and Pregnancy. And it opposes the traditional values that sex should be kept within the marriage bed. People oppose condom ads because they promote promiscuity. Some TV stations, especially on cable, permit some limited condom advertising, but only late at night when children are presumed to be asleep. Condoms adverts do often appear in magazines which appeal to young adults. Whenever people see condom commercials they switched the other channel or will turnoff the T. V set or may be leave the gathering immediately. Family planning groups argue such ads could help reduce teen pregnancies and check the spread of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. People celebrate the sensational aspects of sex and sexuality while entangling the public health aspects of the issue in a straightjacket of fear, shame and denial. Manufacturer do use sexy images to sell sneakers, soft drinks, cars and cosmetics, doesn’t it make a sense for the condom marketer to use them. What do we believe that condom advertising should be aired on TV, there was no consensus on how ad should feature the product and when it should be aired. Our world is on the verge of an AIDs epidemic. Can we afford to be coy about sex and contraception? In urban settings, people seem to know that condoms, if used properly can deter the spread of HIV/AIDs and prevent pregnancy. Many new studies have shown that condom advertising, banned for many years on network television is acceptable to most Americans, Europeans, Germans and Asians. The spread of HIV/AIDS has convinced a growing number of governments to liberalize policies toward condom advertising. Condom ads were once banned in the United Kingdom and France, for example, but are now legal. Other countries that explicitly permit condom advertising include Brazil, Colombia, Denmark, France, Peru, Singapore, and Uganda. The government of Ethiopia itself advertises contraceptives, including condoms. In Russia a government safe-sex campaign uses advertising as its main approach. In contrast, some governments continue to forbid condom advertising or strictly regulate it. In Indonesia, for example, condom advertising is not allowed if condoms are promoted for sexual activities such as extramarital sex or sex with commercial sex workers—illicit activities likely to spread HIV/AIDS—but is acceptable if condoms are promoted as a family planning method . Condom ads do not negatively affect viewer’s attitudes toward advertising, although networks restrict the time of the day when condom ads can air and limit their message and tone. But the question arises that these ads should be aired only on a particular time Do the message of safe sex if not for the whole society? Or only particular classes of society are exposed to the risk of sexually transmitted diseases or HIV/AIDs or pregnancy? Ten years ago, no broadcast television network would air a paid condom commercial. Today, three of the six major broadcast networks allow condom companies to advertise on their airwaves, with some limitations on message, tone, and time of day. Fox began accepting condom ads in 1991, CBS in 1998, and NBC in 1999. ABC, UPN, and The WB continue to prohibit paid condom ads. ABC airs ads for prescription birth control pills, and The WB says it would consider ads for the pill as well. UPN and The WB do not broadcast network programming after 10 p. m. Several cable companies have allowed condom advertising for years, and some broadcasters that restrict paid condom ads accept public service ads referencing condoms or safer sex. One advertising agency said that television is one of the most effective means of educating people on the use of contraceptives. However, business people should avoid offending local cultural, social and religious sensitivities. It can be difficult to promote a practice or a product that can interfere with sexual pleasure, can be awkward to use, provides no immediate rewards, and is often associated with distrust and immorality, and whose reliability and effectiveness are often questioned. To be effective, condom promotion must engage people, reach them emotionally, and persuade them that using condoms is important, acceptable, convenient, and the social norm. The advertising of condoms can be especially difficult in conservative societies. The approach in Egypt, where the target is families and the message is family planning, contrasts dramatically with a risque 1998 advertising campaign developed by McCann-Erickson for Durex condoms, targeting young single people and run in Europe. In Egypt, an advertising execution for a condom brand shows a father and mother introducing themselves and their children in a loving way. The message, explained by the parents, is that having only two children, spaced a few years apart, means that one can spend time and attention taking care of them. The advertising of condoms is a very sensitive topic, whether in the context of family planning or preventive health care. In Bahrain, regarded as one of the more liberal Gulf States, the advertising of contraceptives is forbidden. Other products may also be subject to restrictions because of a desire to maintain modesty in the society. For example, a Korean company applied for permission to advertise its underwear product in the Bahrain airport location. The advertising was acceptable only if the words â€Å"Best Cotton Underwear† was removed; which shows the offending text crossed out. Benefits of Condoms Commercials: Several factors proved the importance of condoms advertising: the devastations wrought by HIV/AIDS; the sexual nature of many TV shows; if you see from the public point of view, condoms have an even greater potential in that they can reduce the risk of aids and other STDs, networks are not justifying turning condoms ads down while accepting other contraceptive ads. Following are the main reason why we favored condom commercials: 1) Lack of awareness (especially among sexually active young people) of the effectiveness of condoms in preventing the transmission of HIV/AIDS and some other STIs, as well as pregnancy. ) Promote condom use as fashionable, acceptable and responsible, and as an essential part of HIV/AIDS, sexual health and sex education. 3) Short, 30-60 second radio and television advertising spots can be highly effective in delivering health-related messages. 4) To educate the public to the only product capable of slowing the spread’’ of acquired immune deficie ncy syndrome, or AIDS. 5) It will reduce the unwanted pregnancy rates Condoms Advertisement in Pakistan In Pakistan, men are the primary reason why family planning is not a priority and contraceptive use is so low. In a country with about 130 million people, only 12 percent of Pakistani women report using a modern contraceptive method, and Pakistan has the highest total fertility rate among the ten most populous countries. Mens concerns, beliefs, and practices must be addressed; failure to do so will relegate Pakistan, and its women, to continued high birth rates and unnecessary maternal and child deaths. Men must be motivated to act, to be concerned about their familys and their wifes health. Only when men act, or at least do not interfere when their wives desire to act, will the situation improves. The widespread social marketing of condoms in Pakistan has been useful in exposing men to modern methods of avoiding unwanted pregnancies. In Pakistan, men dominate all activities outside the household, including shopping. Thus, men see Sathi condoms at local shops, learn from the media or from friends that it is a simple and affordable means of preventing an unwanted pregnancy, and are inspired to purchase it. Sathi can thus be seen as an introduction to modern contraception, with some couples then graduating to more effective or permanent methods. Targeting Men: The overriding dominance of men as decision-makers in Pakistan, and the restrictions on womens movements outside the home, has fueled the need to target men in national FP campaigns. Condoms, the premier male contraceptive method, have traditionally been promoted to men. As a result, PSI/SMP has tailored its multi-media condom social marketing messages and educational campaigns to appeal to men and address their resistance points. a. Sense of Male Responsibility The objective of these campaigns is to increase a mans sense of responsibility for family size and for his wifes reproductive health. An increased sense of male responsibility combined with appropriate knowledge about the benefits of family planning, messages which motivate action, and clear instructions on where to go for quality FP products and services should lead to increased contraceptive use. PSI/SMP has used multiple strategies to motivate men to purchase Sathi condoms. b. Providing Relevant and Correct Information to Men Even with female contraceptive methods such as Green Star IUDs, oral contraceptives (OCs), and injectables PSI/SMP targets its messages for male as well as female clients. It is critical to get the men on board since they have an important role not only in the decision to purchase contraceptives, but because they are often the ones to buy the products. In some cases, when a womans movements are restricted by purdah, for example, her husband will visit the doctor or pharmacist and may be the only source of information on oral contraceptives and their potential side effects. c. Small Family Norm The PSI/SMP television and cinema commercials which promote Green Star hormonal contraceptives and FP clinics prominently feature men. In one scene, a husband is at first reluctant to discuss family planning with his wife, or permit her to visit a Green Star clinic. After a dream sequence, in which the husband is overwhelmed by rowdy, noisy children, he immediately agrees with his wife that there should be an adequate period between births in order to give each child the time and attention she/he deserves. The commercial closes with the couple visiting a Green Star FP clinic together. d. Male Providers While PSI/SMP is engaged in intensive efforts to train female medical practitioners, it will also train thousands of male doctors and pharmacists. Research indicates that men are more likely to go to other men particularly male doctors and pharmacists for information about family planning. It is therefore important that these male medical practitioners provide correct information to men, so that misconceptions can be dispelled and men can assist and even motivate their wives to begin practising contraception. e. Inter-spousal Communication PSI/SMP also communicates more generic messages to the public, those which do not promote a specific contraceptive method or brand, but instead aim to change behaviors in ways that encourage family planning practice. For example, television, radio, and other media promote inter-spousal communication, with a husband and wife discussing family planning options. Research in other countries has shown that couples who discuss family planning are more likely to use modern contraceptives than those couples who avoid the subject. f. Girl Child Throughout its communications campaigns, PSI/SMP has strived to improve the status of women in Pakistan through positive and empowering images and messages. In all PSI/SMP advertisements, for example, a couple is shown with only one child a girl with the father obviously loving and caring for the girl. By consistently showing a girl child, PSI/SMP hopes that this will decrease Pakistani mens preference for a male child, and show that girls are equal in value to boys. Improving the status of women in the eyes of men and in the eyes of the society will lead to increased female empowerment, ultimately resulting in women asserting more control over their reproductive health and family size. Since Pakistan is considered an Islamic society, running condoms commercial on air would raise some controversies. People are not ready to accept these commercials. For them watching condoms commercial, discussing sexual issues is a bit embarrassing. Condom commercial motivates people to have sex out of marriage bed and this is what against their traditional values. It is something that is prohibited in Islam. Condoms advertising were aimed to be potentially socially sensitive in the Asian community, particularly which could clash with traditional values, like keeping oneself disinterested and pure, having few desires, respect for tradition, and moderation, i. . , following the middle way and having a sense of shame.

Athlete Salary free essay sample

How would you like to get paid millions just because people like to watch you do your job? Well that is exactly what is happening in the world of professional sports. Athletes are being over paid just to play play a game. This kind of income promotes over spending and bad life choices by many playing sports. The salaries of professional athletes need to bee lowered. Many people who have tougher jobs are more deserving of that kind of money, and the athletes that make that kind of money waste it and have no morals. There are definately people more deserving of high salaries than a professional athlete. The president of the united states, who has one of the toughest jobs in the nation, makes no where near as much as an athlete. Barack Obama makes around $400,000 a year while Alex Rodriguez makes around $33 million a year (McSharry ). Another job that effects the lives of almost every american is the job of a school teacher. We will write a custom essay sample on Athlete Salary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page School teachers are very deserving of high pay and yet the average income of a high school teacher is only $43,437 (Teacher Salary ). That is only a mere fraction of what some of todays sports entertainers make. People who serve in the miltary are also much more deserving of a highi salary than an athlete. Anyone who serves in any branch of the military puts their life in danger almost every day on the job. However the average salary of military personnel is only around $60,000 a year (Military Salary ). That is a very low income for someone who takes the chance of dying everytime theyre doing their job. And what if you are in an emergency situation and need to be rushed to a hospital? Your best bet is an ambulance. The person driving the ambulance and rushing you to hekp only gets paid an average of $27, 639 a year (Average Ambulance )! That pales in comparison to the income of even retired athletes like Michael Jordan who still rakes in around $45 million a year (#18 Michael ). Although there are a select few athletes that actually donate some of their income and use their high pay for good uses, the majority of athletes waste their money and live immoral lifestyles. The athletes have money thrown at them, usually at a young age, and they have no discipline. They make bad investments and do absurd amounts of spending. Cars, houses, clothing, partying, and sometimes even drugs are all parts of most athletes lifestyles (The 6 ). This kind of living often results in players going bankrupt (The 6 ). Many athletes also get into trouble with the law becauses they think they are invincible and can buy their way out of anything. An example of an athlete who let all the fame and fortune go to his head and in turn led an immoral lifestyle is Tiger Woods. Tiger Woods, who was married with kids, admitted to having affairs with over 100 women (30, Vancouver ). He used his fame and money to gain affairs with women whicih eventually split his family apart. The best way to put an end to some of the excessive spending and lifestyles would be to put a salary cap into play. Athough players would still get paid quite a bit of money, there would at least be a limit to how much they get. Enforcing a salary cap might also make players respect their jobs a little more. Maybe star athletes would try harder if they didnt have such whopping salaries. Maybe making salaries based more on performance would help. says Perry Norris a pro sports fan in favor of the salary cap. Enforcing a salary cap might also help to make the game more fair. If all the players incomes were set then the more talented players would not pile up on the team that pays the most. The fact that athletes are over paid is something that definately does not need to be overlooked. Players lifestyles will continue to spiral out of control if their income is not limited. The salaries of professional athletes continue to go up and and are peaking in the hundred million dollar range (Freedman ). A salary cap needs to be enforced as soon as soon as possible.